Improvement in tempering and forming articles of steel



4: Sheets-Sheet 1.

a. F. smoubs. TEMP ERING AND FORMING ARTICLES OF STEEL. No.188,198.

Patented March 6,1377.

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

G. F. SIMONDS.

'TEMPERING AND FORMING ARTICLES OF STEEL. No.188,198. I Patented March6,1877.

4 Shegzts-Sheet 3.

V G F SIMONDS TEMPERING AND FORMING ARTICLES 0F STEEL. I No.188,198.Patented March 6,1877.

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4 Sheets-Shet 4.

GJF. SIMONDS.

-T EIIIPE=I Z'I-IQIZGLQA-ND FORMING ARTICLES OF STEEL. No. 188,198TQ'Patented March 6,1877.

N PETERS, PHOTCLLITHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. n. C.

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IMPROVEMENT IN TEMPERING AND FORMING ARTICLES OF STEEL.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 188,198, dated March 6,1877; application filed December 12, 1876.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that'I, GEORGE E. SIMoNDs, ofFitchburg, Massachusetts, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Apparatus for Tempering and Forming Articles of Steel,of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description,reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, making a part of thisspecification, in which- Figure l is a perspective view of atemperingoven with my improvement-s attached. Fig. 2 is a longitudinalsection through y y of Fig. 4. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectionthrough 2 z of Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section through a; w ofFig. 2. Fig. 5 represents the rear of one of the formers.

My invention relates to the hardening, tempering, and bringing to theirultimate forms articles of steel, or of steel and iron combined, and isan improvement on Patents N 0. 151,167, dated May 19, 187 4, and No.169,736, dated November 9, 1875 and it consists in the process ofadjusting the fast and loose in a saw, and in-several combinations ofdevices, here inafter explained and claimed, whereby saws may betempered and straightened without the usual process of hammering.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I willproceed to describe the exact manner in which I have carried it out.

In the said drawings, A A represent the walls of an oven; B, the roof O,the fire-box, and D the tempering and forming chamber. Above thefire-box is placed the heat-distributer a, shaped in cross-section asshown in Fig. 2, to equally distribute the heat in its passage to thetempering and forming chamber. The flat fire-proof tile which I haveheretofore used for this purpose, if not set with great precisionhorizontally, was liable to distribute the heat unequally to the sidesof the forming-chamber, and thus defeat the object sought to beaccomplished by an even distribution of heat. To overcome thisdifficulty I form the distributer a. as shown in cross-section in Fig. 2of the drawing, the lower point being placed longitudinally exactly overthe center of the fire-box (J. This peculiar form of distributer I find,by actual experiment, is a great improvement upon my former patents. Thedistributor a is constructed of equal width on its upper flat surfacewiththe formingchamber D, and having 'on each side a flue, to", openingdirectly under The formers are suspended in the chamber,

as shown in Fig. 2, by means of revolving shafts b b, provided withnecessary hearings in the frame-work E E. The outer ends of these shaftsare provided with screws ff, by which they can be moved longitudinally,and the formers can be closed or opened within the temperingchamber. Bymeans of the wheel F the shaft 12 may be easily revolved, and when theformers are brought in contact or closed on an article to be tempered,it is evident that the shaft b will also be caused to revolve with theshaft 0, and the two formers may herevolved Within the chamber D. Thisrevolution of the formers may become desirable in order to secure morecertainlya uniform temperature. The great purpose of this constructionis to place the article to be tempered and formed entirely out of thereach of any draft, as stated in my Patent N 0. 169,736, and thus securean evenness of heat essential to success. The heat in the surroundingchambers H may bereadily regulated or directed from one portion of thechamber D to another by means of the dampers 2 2 and flues a a.

By means of the fines and dampers placed so as to'completely control theheat in its passages to and around the tempering-oven, am enabled tothrow the heat into the center of the oven, or onto the outer edge, oron any desired part of the saw, and thus adjust at pleasure the exacttemperingof its different portions, which process of adjusting the fastand loose is an essential part of my present invention. If an unevenstrain is desired between the center and periphery-that is, if for anyother reason it is desirable to have the saw loose in center or loosebetween center and periphery, I accomplish it,-an d yet leave the saw onany given circle uniform in its tension, which cannot be the iresultiofa saw hammered.

The terms fast and loose, as applied to the manufacture of saws, arewell understood portance tobe able to adjust this fast and loose in thesaw in order to adapt it to its particular work, as before stated.

When the saw or article to be temperedand brought to its ultimate formhas been properly hardened, and is placed between the formers c 0, thedoor is closed, and the article is secured in position by the gradualmovement of the screws ff until the pressure is sutficient to bring thepiece :to the desired form, where it is held subjected to the perfectlyuniform and desired amount of heat until the article takes a permanentset to the required form, when it can be removed to make place foranother.

My formers c c are of a novel construction, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5.The face of the former, instead of beinga smooth flat surface, isgrooved in such a manner as to divide it up into numerous smallsurfacemresembling somewhat the face of a waffle-iron. Behind this faceis a series of radial ribs, k, to stre n gthen and support thesame, andthe formers are perforated thickly with small holes 3, while theirflanges, are slotted at 4, to admit free passage for the heat to allparts of the formers, and secure a more uniform temperature.

In further aid of securing a perfectly uniform temperature in thetempering and forming oven, I combine with it the use of the blower l atthe junction of the two air-passages pp. These passages lead into theoven,

and by means of the blower 1a cunrentimay be produced through thepassages, which will tend to secure a uniform temperature inside theoven D. It is evident that the blower can be placed in a variety ofpositions to effect the same result therefore I do not'limit myself tothe position of the blower as shown in the drawings.

The leading object of this invention, like my inventions upon which thisis an improvement, is to produce a perfect saw without the necessityiofhammerin Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- l. The process herein describedof adjusting the fast and loose in a saw by throwing the heat on thecenter or the outer edge, or

on any desired part of the saw, the same being held to the requiredposition, substantially as set forth.

2. Formers for tempering and forming articles of steel, in combinationwith a fan or blower to equalize the heat, substantially as described. Ii

3. Formers for tempering and forming articles of steel, iuclosed in aheating-oven, in combination with a fan or blower, substantially as setforth.

4. The distributer a constructed withsharp downward point and withogeesides, substantially as described and shown, in combination with atempering-oven, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The distributer a, provided with theflues a, in combination with thevertical flues a and dampers, substantially asand forthe purpose setforth.' i

, GEO. F. SIMONDS.

Witnesses:

THOMAS 0.0oN NoLLY, GEO. H. EVANS.

